Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, many aspects of our lives have been significantly altered. Numerous questions have arisen regarding the virus, vaccines, and their potential long-term health implications. For women and individuals with menstrual cycles, an additional inquiry arises: how do the virus and vaccines affect menstruation?
Experts note that studying the menstrual cycle is inherently complex due to the unique experiences of those who menstruate, along with various influencing factors. These include hydration, physical activity, stress, diet, sleep quality, and emotional health—all of which can be impacted by illness or vaccination, among other reasons.
Will contracting COVID-19 alter my menstrual cycle?
Current research on the relationship between COVID-19 and menstrual cycles is still limited. In a study examining sex hormones and menstruation related to COVID-19, 25% of participants reported menstrual changes, with most experiencing heavier flows. Additionally, individuals with more severe COVID-19 cases tended to have longer cycles, resulting in increased days between periods. However, no differences in estrogen and progesterone levels were found between those who had contracted the virus and those who had not. This study involved 237 confirmed COVID-19 patients, with menstrual data collected from 117 of them.
Will receiving a COVID-19 vaccine affect my period?
In the U.S., there are three major approved vaccines for COVID-19: Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. Although research on the impact of these vaccines on menstruation is limited, many individuals have reported alterations in their cycles following vaccination.
A recent article from The New York Times noted that significant research is being planned at institutions like Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins University, and Oregon Health & Science University. It’s crucial to emphasize that any claims regarding vaccine effects on menstruation are currently “purely anecdotal,” indicating no confirmed connection at this time.
The article also highlights a broader gap in our understanding of reproductive health and menstrual cycles. Dr. Hugh Taylor from Yale School of Medicine poses an important question, emphasizing why this upcoming research is vital: “Many individuals experience irregular menstruation for various reasons. Is this phenomenon truly different for those vaccinated, or are they simply linking their changes to the vaccine?”
Will being near someone vaccinated against COVID-19 affect my cycle?
The straightforward answer? NO. This is a well-established fact, and we don’t need further research to clarify it. Despite various online theories and seemingly credible claims, being in close proximity to someone who has received a COVID-19 vaccine will not influence your menstrual cycle. The CDC states clearly:
“No. Your menstrual cycle cannot be affected by being near someone who received a COVID-19 vaccine. Various factors, including stress, schedule changes, sleep issues, and shifts in diet or exercise, can influence menstrual cycles. Infections may also play a role.”
What other symptoms have been reported?
As with any menstrual experience, reports from those surveyed varied widely. Some noted earlier periods post-vaccination, while others experienced significant delays—up to 18 days late.
Age was another factor many respondents mentioned, with older individuals suggesting that changes in their menstrual cycles might be age-related. Additionally, some indicated that shifts in hormonal birth control, such as switching from oral contraceptives to IUDs or discontinuing birth control altogether, could also affect their menstruation.
If I’ve noticed changes in my period after having COVID-19 or a vaccine, should I be concerned?
While it’s easier said than done, try to remain calm and avoid unnecessary worry. You have control over your health, and if you feel that changes warrant further investigation, consulting a trusted healthcare provider is advisable. Many medical offices offer nurse lines for immediate questions. Sometimes, anxiety can amplify concerns—especially in these trying times—but it’s always beneficial to discuss your worries, even if the outcome is simply peace of mind.
It’s important to remember that countless factors can influence an individual’s menstrual cycle. Additionally, there has been insufficient research into reproductive and menstrual health in general, particularly concerning COVID-19 and vaccines. This is a situation we hope will improve with new studies funded by the National Institute of Health.
